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Friday, February 15, 2019

American University

9:13 PM 0
In 1947 the Washington Semester Program was established, pioneering the concept of semester-long internships in the nation's capital. In 1949, the university merged with the Washington College of Law, which had begun in 1896 as the first law school founded by women and the first coeducational institution for the professional study of law in the District. Shortly thereafter, three departments were reorganized as schools- the School of Business Administration in 1955- the School of Government and Public Administration in 1957' and the School of International Service in 1958.

American University

In the early 1960s, the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency operated a think tank under the guise of Operation Camelot at American University. The government abandoned the think tank after the operation came to public attention. AU's political involvement was furthered by President John F. Kennedy's Spring 1963 commencement address. In the speech, Kennedy called on the Soviet Union to work with the United States to achieve a nuclear test ban treaty and to reduce the considerable international tensions and the specter of nuclear war during that juncture of the Cold War.

From 1965 to 1977, the College of Continuing Education existed as a degree-granting college with responsibility for on- and off-campus adult education programs. The Lucy Webb Hayes School of Nursing provided undergraduate study in Nursing from 1965 until 1988. In 1972, the School of Government and Public Administration, the School of International Service, the Center for Technology and Administration, and the Center for the Administration of Justice were incorporated into the College of Public and International Affairs.The university bought the Immaculata Campus in 1986 to alleviate space problems. This would later become Tenley Campus.

In 1986, construction on the Adnan Khashoggi Sports and Convocation Center began. Financed with $5 million from and named for Saudi Arabian Trustee Adnan Khashoggi, the building was intended to update athletics facilities and provide a new arena, as well as a parking garage and office space for administrative services. Costing an estimated $19 million, the building represented the largest construction project to date, but met protest by both faculty and students to the university's use of Khashoggi's name on the building due to his involvement in international arms trade.[19]

In 1988, the College of Public and International Affairs was reorganized to create two free-standing schools: the School of International Service and the School of Public Affairs, incorporating the School of Government and Public Administration and the School of Justice. That same year, construction on the Adnan Khashoggi Sports Center completed while the Iran–Contra Affair controversy was at its height although his name remained on the building until after Khashoggi defaulted on his donation obligation in the mid to late 1990s.


The American University was established in the District of Columbia by an Act of Congress on December 5, 1892, primarily due to the efforts of Methodist bishop John Fletcher Hurst, who aimed to create an institution that could train future public servants. Hurst also chose the site of the university, which at the time was the rural periphery of the District. After more than three decades devoted principally to securing financial support, the university was officially dedicated on May 15, 1914, with its first instructions beginning October of that year, when 28 students were enrolled, 19 of whom were graduates and the remainder special students not candidates for a degree.

 The First Commencement, at which no degrees were awarded, was held on June 2, 1915. The Second Annual Commencement was held the following year and saw the awarding of the first degrees- one master's degree and two doctor's degrees. AU was notable in admitting women and African Americans, which was uncommon in higher education at the time' among its first 28 students were five women, while an African American doctoral student was admitted in 1915.

Shortly after these early commencement ceremonies, classes were interrupted by war. During World War I, the university allowed the U.S. military to use some of its grounds for testing. In 1917, the U.S. military divided American University into two segments, Camp American University and Camp Leach. Camp American University became the birthplace of the United States' chemical weapons program and the site of chemical weapons testing' this required a major cleanup effort in the 1990s. Camp Leach was home to advanced research, development, and testing of modern camouflage techniques. As of 2014, the Army Corps of Engineers is still removing ordnance including mustard gas and mortar shells.

Instruction was initially offered only at the graduate level, in accordance with the original plan of the founders. This changed in 1925 with the establishment of the College of Liberal Arts , which offered the first undergraduate degrees and programs. What is now the School of Public Affairs was founded in 1934,partly to educate future federal employees in new approaches to public administration introduced by the New Deal' during the event commemorating its launch, President Franklin D. Roosevelt stressed cooperation between the school and his administration.

American University relationship to the U.S. government continued during World War II, when the campus hosted the U.S. Navy Bomb Disposal School and a WAVE barracks. For AU's role in these wartime efforts, the Victory ship SS American Victory was named in its honor.


American University is a private research university in Washington D.C Its main campus spans 90 acres  near Ward Circle, a residential area in the northwest of the District. American University was chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1893 at the urging of Methodist bishop John Fletcher Hurst, who sought to create an institution that would promote public service, internationalism, and pragmatic idealism.American University broke ground in 1902, opened in 1914, and admitted its first undergraduates in 1925. Although affiliated with the United Methodist Church, religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission.

American University has eight schools and colleges, the School of International Service, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business, School of Communication, School of Professional and Extended Studies, School of Public Affairs, School of Education, and the Washington College of Law. It has over 160 programs, including 71 bachelor's degrees, 87 master's degrees, and 10 doctoral degrees, plus J.D., LL.M., and S.J.D programs; individualized interdisciplinary programs are also available at the bachelor's level. American University's student body numbers over 13,000 and represents all 50 U.S. states and 141 countries; around a fifth of students are international.

The university is recognized as a second tier research institution by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and is ranked 69th nationally by U.S. News & World Report. According to Foreign Policy, the School of International Service is globally ranked eighth for graduate programs and ninth for undergraduate programs, and the School of Public Affairs is ranked 19th in the nation according to USNWR.The Washington College of Law placed 80th overall in USNWR rankings,13th in its LL.M. program,  47th in the 2012 "Top 70 Law Faculties in Scholarly Impact" index, and fourth in public interest.AU is a top producer of Fulbright Scholars, and was one of only seven institutions in 2017 with more than one Truman Scholar, with two recipients. As of 2017, AU ranked first in Boren Scholars and Fellows, second in Udall Scholars, and fourth in Presidential Management Fellows; in 2018, it had two Rhodes Scholarship finalists. Reflecting the school's founding emphasis on public and international service, 95 percent undergraduates participate in at least one internship, while 71 percent of students participate in study abroad, the ninth highest rate in the nation.Among medium-sized schools, AU ranks second in the number of students serving in the Peace Corps and tenth for the most Teach for America volunteers.According to the Princeton Review,AU students are the first most politically active and run the seventh most active student government.

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Thursday, January 31, 2019

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

9:23 PM 0
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee has its origins in a class started in the year 1845 to train local youth in engineering to assist in public works then beginning. In 1847 it was officially established.It was renamed as the Thomason College of Civil Engineering in the year 1854 in honour of its founder, James Thomason, lieutenant governor 1843–1853.
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Rai Bahadur Kanhaiya Lal was the first Indian to graduate from the Roorkee college in the year 1852.On September 21st 2001, an ordinance issued by the India of Government declared it as the nation's 7th Indian Institute of Technology, renaming it to the current name, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The ordinance was converted into an act by the Parliament to make IIT Roorkee an "Institution of National Importance.

The Department of Civil Engineering was established in the year 1847 and is the oldest engineering department in India. The Electrical Engineering department of the Thomson College was established in the year 1897, and was one of the earliest such specializations in the world. The Architecture department is the first in India instituting a master's degree course in Architecture in the year 1969–1970.

In the year 1978 Institute of Paper Technology, Saharanpur was merged with the then University of Roorkee. The Institute of Paper Technology was established as School of Paper Technology by the Government of India in the year 1964, with an aid from the Royal Swedish Government. The school was renamed as the Institute of Paper Technology in July in the 1968 and subsequently Department of Paper Technology in July in the year 1992.



  • How to Get Administration



All IITs follow the same organization structure which has President of India as visitor at the top of the hierarchy. Directly under the president is the IIT Council. Under the IIT Council is the board of governors of each IIT. Under the board of governors is the director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT. Under the director, in the organizational structure, comes the deputy director. Under the director and the deputy director, come the deans, heads of departments.



  • Divisions and centers


Architecture and Planning
Applied Science and Engineering
Engineering and Applied Sciences
Academic Centres
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Biotechnology
Chemical Engineering
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Chemistry
Earthquake Engineering
Earth Sciences
Electrical Engineering
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hydrology
Humanities and Social Sciences
Management Studies
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Packaging Technology
Paper Technology
Polymer and Process Engineering
Physics
Mathematics
Management Studies
Water Resources Development and Management
Centre of Excellence
Centre of Nanotechnology
Centre for Transportation Systems
Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation & Management
Center for Integrated Sciences
Center for Research & Innovation
Centre of Nanotechnology
Centre for Transportation Systems
Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation & Management
Continuing Education Centre
Educational Technology Cell
Mahatma Gandhi Central Library
Information Super Highway Centre
Institute Computer Centre
Institute Instrumentation Centre
Intellectual Property Rights Cell
Institute Hospital
TIFAC Core
Quality Improvement Programme
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Monday, January 28, 2019

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

7:17 PM 0
The university which has produced freedom fighters like Mohammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, Hasrat Mohani, Raja Mahinder Pratap, Syed Husain, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai and Mohammad Yunus and claims to have had on its rolls a Zakir Husain who rose to be a president of India, an Ayub Khan who became president of Pakistan, a Nawabzada Liaqat Ali Khan, a Prime Minister of Pakistan, an Ahmed Said Khan of Chatari, a Prime Minister of Hyderabad, Sheikh Abdullah, G.M. Sadiq and Mir Qasim, all Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir; Abdul Ghafoor, Chief Minister of Bihar; Minister of State for Railways, Shafi Qureshi; Minister of State for Industry, B.P. Mauriya and Minister of State for Law, V. A. Saiyed Mohamamd.
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

The university grew out of the work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the great Muslim reformer and statesman, who in the aftermath of the Indian War of Independence of 1857 felt that it was important for Muslims to gain education and become involved in the public life and government services in India. Raja Jai Kishan helped Sir Syed in establishing the university

The British decision to replace the use of Persian in 1842 for government employment and as the language of Courts of Law caused deep anxiety among Muslims of the sub-continent. Sir Syed saw a need for Muslims to acquire proficiency in the English language and Western sciences if the community were to maintain its social and political clout, particularly in Northern India. He began to prepare foundation for the formation of a Muslim University by starting schools at Moradabad -1858 and Ghazipur -1863.His purpose for the establishment of the Scientific Society in 1864, in Aligarh was to translate Western works into Indian languages as a prelude to prepare the community to accept Western education and to inculcate scientific temperament among the Muslims. The intense desire to ameliorate the social conditions of Indian Muslims led Sir Syed to publish the periodical, 'Tehzibul Akhlaq' in 1870.

In 1877, Sir Syed founded the Muhammadan Anglo Oriental College in Aligarh and patterned the college after Oxford and Cambridge universities that he had visited on a trip to England. His objective was to build a college in tune with the British education system but without compromising its Islamic values. Sir Syed's son, Syed Mahmood, who was an alumnus of Cambridge prepared a proposal for an independent university to the ‘Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College Fund Committee’ upon his return from England in 1872. This proposal was adopted and subsequently modified. Syed Mahmood continued to work along with his father in founding the college.

It was one of the first purely residential educational institutions set up either by the government or the public in India. Over the years it gave rise to a new educated class of Indian Muslims who were active in the political system of the British Raj. When viceroy to India Lord Curzon visited the college in 1901, he praised the work which was carried on and called it of "sovereign importance".

The college was originally affiliated with the University of Calcutta and subsequently got affiliated with the university of Allahabad in 1885. Near the turn of the century, the college began publishing its own magazine, The Aligarian, and established a Law School.

It was also around this time that a movement began to have it develop into a university. To achieve this goal, expansions were made and more academic programs added to the curriculum of the college. A school for girls was established in 1907. By 1920 the college was transformed into the Aligarh Muslim University. 


The Aligarh Muslim University is a residential academic institution which was established in 1920. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, a great reformist of his age, who felt the need of modern education for Muslims, started a school swayback in 1875 which later became a college under the title of "Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College" and ultimately became a university. This is a premier university comes under central government. The President of India appoints the Vice Chancellor.  It has several faculties and maintained institutions. It draws students from all over the country as well from foreign countries.

Aligarh is situated at a distance of 130 Km., South East of Delhi on Delhi-Calcutta Railway and Grand Trunk Road route. The latitude is 27 degree 54 minute North and longitude is 78 degree 5 minute East. The climate is hot and dry in summer (mid-February to mid June) and cool and dry in winter (mid October to mid February) with an intervening rainy season. The university campus is 3 km away from the main city.

Sir Syed created an institution which, first as M.A.O. College and then since 1920 as Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), became the generator of an amazing range of talent. I came, I saw and I was conquered is the most likely feeling of almost every person who has had occasion to visit the AMU. Aligarh's "culture of decency" has a compelling appeal. You can have a negative view of Aligarh when you have not been there but you cannot when you have known it. A number of distinguished former students of M.A.O. College guided the national struggle as national leaders and made tremendous sacrifices. A number of them occupied most important offices which included the president ship, governorship and chief minister-ship.

In one of his lecture Sir Syed stated: The main reason behind the establishment of this institution, as I am sure all of you know, was the wretched dependence of Muslims, which had been debasing the position day after day. Their religious fanaticism did not let them avail the educational facilities provided by the government schools and colleges. It was, therefore, deemed necessary to make some special arrangement for their education. Suppose, for example, there are two brothers, one of them is quite hale and hearty but other is diseased. His health is on the decline. Thus it is the duty of all brothers to take care of their ailing brother bear the hands in his trouble. This was the very idea which goaded me to establish the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College. But I am pleased to say that both the brothers get the same education in this college. All rights of the college appertaining to those who call themselves Muslims are equally related to those who call themselves Hindus without any reservations. There is no distinction whatsoever between Hindus and Muslims. Only one who strive hard can lay claim to get the award. Here in this college Hindus as well as Muslims are entitled to get the stipends and both of them are treated at par as boarders. I regard both Hindus and Muslims as my two eyes".

 Jawaharlal Nehru correctly saw the spirit of Sir Syed's mission when he started in his autobiography:

So, to this education he turned all his energy trying to win over his community to his way of thinking. He wanted no diversions or distraction from other directions: it was a difficult enough piece of work to overcome the inertia and hesitation of the Muslims. The Hindus, half a century ahead in Western education, could indulge in this pastime. Sir Syeds decision to concentrate on Western education for Muslims was undoubtedly a right one. Without that they could not have played any effective part in the building up of Indian nationalism of the new type, and they would have been doomed to play second fiddle to the Hindus with their better education and far stronger economic position. The Muslims were not historically or ideologically ready then for the bourgeois nationalist movement as they had developed no bourgeoisie, as the Hindus had done. Sir Syeds activities, therefore, although seemingly very moderate, were in the right revolutionary direction.

The establishment of M. A. O. College was described by Lord Lytton as an epoch in the social progress of India. Several decades later Sir Hamilton Gibb characterized the college as the first modernist institution in Islam.
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